Suchergebnisse

Intro -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- POLICY BY OTHER MEANS -- TABLES -- PREFACE -- POLICY BY OTHER MEANS -- UNDERSTANDING PRESIDENTIAL PREROGATIVES -- EXPLAINING PRESIDENTIAL ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS -- MEASUREMENT OF VARIABLES -- BUDGET AGREEMENT Chief Budgeter -- EXECUTIVE ORDERS Chief Executive -- EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS Chief Diplomat -- COMMITTING TROOPS Commander in Chief -- CONCLUSION -- METHODOLOGICAL APPENDIX -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

"Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress bears responsibility for establishing national policy through legislation, but in recent years that power has often been eclipsed by presidents' adopting public policy by other means. Steven A. Shull offers a systematic study of the relative importance of four tools presidents use to create policy without going through Congress: budgeting, executive orders, executive agreements, and commitment of troops." "Using both statistical analyses of recent presidents' use of alternative policy means and case studies of each tool, Shull investigates the factors that affect whether and when the chief executive becomes, in effect, the chief policy maker, budgeter, or diplomat. He examines individual, institutional, and environmental variables, as well as several controls that may influence the choice of unilateral or alternative policy actions." "Shull's quantitative analyses help to illustrate not only the trends over time in the independent actions of presidents but also the complexity of the factors that influence those trends. His data and statistical techniques point toward confirmation of some hypotheses that have been held about the exercise of presidential powers and the disproof of others. Shull demonstrates the usefulness of applying quantitative methods, informed by theory and the literature, to the study of the office." "Scholars of the presidency, of executive-legislative relations, and of public policy will gain important insight into previously under-studied aspects of presidential power from Shull's careful analysis of unilateral and other alternative policy adoption."--Jacket

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- About the Editor and Contributors -- List of Tables and Figures -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Part I. The Nature of Presidential Policymaking -- 1. Presidential Policymaking: An Introduction -- 2. Presidential Constraints and Transitions -- Part II. Presidential Relations with Those Outside Government -- 3. Public Opinion: Reconceptualizing Going Public -- 4. Interest Groups: A Doubly Dynamic Relationship -- 5. Political Parties and Divided Democracy -- 6. Elections and Presidential Policymaking

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I. THE NATURE OF CIVIL RIGHTS: PRESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE AND POLICY CHANGE -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Civil Rights in American History -- Part II. PRESIDENTIAL POLICY STATEMENTS AND ACTIONS -- Chapter 3. Going Public through Policy Statements -- Chapter 4. Presidents' Legislative and Budget Actions -- Chapter 5. Presidents' Administrative and Judicial Actions -- Part III. REACTIONS TO PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENTS AND ACTIONS -- Chapter 6. Responses by Congress and Agencies -- Chapter 7. Responses by Courts and Nongovernmental Actors -- Part IV. EVALUATING PRESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE -- Chapter 8. The Impact of Reagan-Bush Policies -- Chapter 9. Conclusion -- References -- Index